Weight loss from lifestyle interventions and severity of sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sep 7, 2014Sleep medicine

How lifestyle-related weight loss is linked to sleep apnea severity

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Abstract

Weight loss through intensive lifestyle interventions resulted in an average reduction of 13.76 kg among participants with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Intensive lifestyle interventions were associated with a significant reduction in the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) by an average of 16.09.
Participants also experienced a decrease in the oxygen desaturation index of ≥4% by an average of 14.18.
Overall, the studies indicated that all interventions favored weight loss and reduced severity of sleep apnoea.
Long-term follow-up from three RCTs showed that improvements in weight and AHI may be maintained for up to 60 months.

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BACKGROUND: Excess body weight is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The aim of the systematic review was to establish whether weight loss via lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise are useful in the treatment of OSA.

METHODS: A literature search was conducted between 1980 and February 2012. Systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with participants who had OSA, were overweight or obese, and who had undergone lifestyle interventions with the aim of improving sleep apnoea were included. Meta analyses were conducted for a subset of RCTs with appropriate data.

RESULTS: Two systematic reviews and eight RCTs were included. Meta-analyses were conducted for four RCTs comparing intensive lifestyle interventions to a control. The overall weighted mean differences for weight change, change in apnoea -hypopnoea index (AHI) and change in oxygen desaturation index of ≥4% were as follows: -13.76 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -19.21, --8.32), -16.09 (95% CI -25.64, -6.54) and -14.18 (95% CI -24.23, -4.13), respectively. Although high heterogeneity within the meta analyses, all studies favoured the interventions. Long-term follow-up data from three RCTs suggest that improvements in weight and AHI are maintained for up to 60 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Intensive lifestyle interventions are effective in the treatment of OSA, resulting in significant weight loss and a reduction in sleep apnoea severity. Weight loss via intensive lifestyle interventions could be encouraged as a treatment for mild to moderate OSA.

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Weight loss from lifestyle interventions and severity of sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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