Weizmannia coagulans XY2 reduces copper brain toxicity by changing gut-driven tryptophan metabolism and inflammation-oxidative stress interaction

Copper interferes with tryptophan metabolism and 5-HT levels by modulating intestinal flora.

• Intestinal barrier breakdown and inflammatory response may trigger nerve damage under copper exposure.
• W. coagulans XY2 may alleviate copper-induced neurotoxicity.
• The intervention targets a network involving tryptophan metabolism, antioxidant defense, and the gut-brain axis.

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