Intelligent Responsive Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8@Copper Oxide Nanocomposite 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Efficient Repair of Infected Bone Defects

The 3D-printed poly(lactic--glycolic acid) nanocomposite scaffold achieved an optimal balance between antibacterial efficacy and osteogenic ability for efficient bone defect repair.

• Incorporation of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 encapsulating copper oxide nanoparticles enhanced the scaffold's properties.
• The scaffold demonstrated intelligent responsive abilities to both microenvironmental and exogenous stimuli.
• Rapid bacterial eradication was achieved through a combination of photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies.
• After bacterial eradication, the scaffold promoted an osteogenic microenvironment through antioxidative action and stimulated new blood vessel formation.
• The scaffold facilitated self-mineralization and osteoinduction, which are important for bone regeneration.

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