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3,3-Dimethyl-1-Butanol and its Metabolite 3,3-Dimethylbutyrate Ameliorate Collagen-induced Arthritis Independent of Choline Trimethylamine Lyase Activity
3,3-Dimethyl-1-Butanol and Its Breakdown Product Reduce Collagen-Induced Arthritis Without Relying on Choline-Processing Enzyme
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Abstract
DMB-treated mice demonstrated > 50% reduction in arthritis severity compared to FMC and vehicle-treated mice.
- The reduction in arthritis severity was not linked to the production of TMA or TMAO.
- DMB acted independently of the intestinal microbiome, indicating alternative pathways of action.
- A novel metabolite of DMB, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyric acid (DMBut), was identified as potentially protective.
- Both DMB and DMBut significantly reduced disease severity and proinflammatory cytokines in murine models.
- In vitro studies indicate that these compounds may modulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages.
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Key numbers
> 50%
Reduction in Arthritis Severity
DMB-treated mice showed over 50% reduction in arthritis severity compared to controls.
Significantly reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels
Cytokine Reduction
Both DMB and DMBut treatments significantly lowered IL-1β and IL-6 in mice.