Relationship of abnormal mid-term oral glucose tolerance test and maternal weight gain with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Aug 17, 2021Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences

How unusual glucose test results and weight gain relate to pregnancy problems in women with gestational diabetes

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Abstract

Among 2,611 pregnant women with gestational diabetes, significant associations were found between mid-term oral glucose tolerance test results and maternal weight gain with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Women with three abnormal items in their glucose test had a higher incidence of gestational hypertension, premature delivery, macrosomia, and large for gestational age infants compared to those with one or two abnormalities.
Two abnormal items in glucose test results were associated with increased rates of gestational hypertension and premature delivery compared to one abnormal item.
Excessive maternal weight gain was linked to a higher incidence of gestational hypertension, premature delivery, and low birth weight infants compared to inadequate and appropriate weight gain.
Inadequate weight gain was identified as a risk factor for premature delivery and small for gestational age infants, while it appeared to protect against large for gestational age infants in women with one abnormal item.
For women with two abnormal items, inadequate weight gain was associated with lower rates of macrosomia and large for gestational age infants.

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To explore the correlation of mid-term oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and maternal weight gain with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 2611 pregnant women with GDM who were examined and delivered in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 1st 2017 to 30th June 2018 were enrolled in this study. According to the number of abnormal items of mid-term OGTT results or maternal gestational weight gain (GWG), patients were classified. The incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes in each group and its relation with OGTT results and GWG were analyzed. The incidence of gestational hypertension, premature delivery, macrosomia and large for gestational age infant (LGA) in three abnormal items GDM patients were significantly higher than those in one or two abnormal items GDM patients (all <0.017). The incidence of gestational hypertension and premature delivery in two abnormal items GDM patients were higher than those in one abnormal item GDM patients (all <0.017). The incidence of gestational hypertension and macrosomia in excessive GWG patients were significantly higher than those in inadequate and appropriate GWG patients (all <0.017), and the incidence of LGA were higher than that in inadequate GWG patients (all <0.017). The incidence of premature delivery and low birth weight infants in appropriate GWG patients were significantly lower than those in inadequate and excessive GWG patients, and the incidence of small for gestational age infant (SGA) were significantly lower than that in inadequate GWG patients (all <0.017). In one abnormal item GDM patients, inadequate GWG was a risk factor for premature delivery and SGA (=1.66, 95%: 1.10-2.52; =2.20, 95%: 1.07-4.53), and protective factor for LGA (=0.40, 95%: 0.27-0.59). And excessive GWG was a risk factor for gestational hypertension, premature delivery and low birth weight infants (=2.15, 95%: 1.35-3.41; =1.80, 95%: 1.20-2.72; =2.18, 95%: 1.10-4.30).In two abnormal items GDM patients, inadequate GWG was a protective factor for macrosomia and LGA (=0.24, 95%: 0.09-0.67; =0.54, 95%: 0.34-0.86), while excessive GWG was risk factor for premature delivery (=1.98, 95%: 1.23-3.18).In three abnormal items GDM patients, there was no significant relationship between GWG and adverse pregnancy outcomes. For GDM women with one or two items of elevated blood glucose in OGTT, reasonable weight management during pregnancy can reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. For those with three items of elevated blood glucose in OGTT, more strict blood glucose monitoring and active intervention measures should be taken in addition to weight management during pregnancy.

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Relationship of abnormal mid-term oral glucose tolerance test and maternal weight gain with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

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