OBJECTIVES: To observe the effects of acupuncture pretreatment on toll-like receptor 9/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB (TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB) signaling pathway and inflammatory response in the rats with exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage (EIMD) and explore the underlying mechanism of this pretreatment for EIMD.
METHODS: A total of 88 male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (8 rats), a model group (40 rats) and an acupuncture pretreatment group (40 rats). In the model group and the acupuncture pretreatment group, 5 subgroups were randomized according to the sampling time of 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of modeling, with 8 rats in each one, respectively. Before modeling, in the acupuncture pretreatment group, acupuncture was delivered at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Guanyuan" (CV 4) for 20 min, once daily for consecutive 7 days. By one-time intermittent downhill centrifugal exercise on animal experimental treadmill, EIMD model was established in the model group and the acupuncture pretreatment group. The ultrastructure of gastrocnemius muscle was observed under transmission electron microscope. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum were detected by ELISA. The protein and mRNA expression of TLR9, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in the gastrocnemius tissue of rats was detected by the Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively.
RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the gastrocnemius ultrastructure in the model group showed the damage of different degrees, with myofilaments disarranged and twisted, mitochondria obviously swollen and mitochondrial crista partially defected. Compared with the model group, the injury was mild, most of muscle fibers were arranged neatly and the number of mitochondria increased remarkably in the acupuncture pretreatment group. Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the serum IL-6 levels increased at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h after modeling in the rats (0.01), and TNF-α levels were elevated at each time point after modeling (0.05,0.01). In the acupuncture pretreatment group, the serum IL-6 levels were reduced at 12, 24 and 48 h after modeling (0.01,<0.05), and the TNF-α levels decreased at 24, 48 and 72 h after modeling (<0.01) when compared with those in the model group at the same time points separately. The serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels ascended and then tended to decline in the model group and the acupuncture pretreatment group. Compared with the blank group, the protein and mRNA expression of TLR9 and NF-κB p65 in the gastrocnemius tissue increased at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after modeling (<0.01,<0.05), and the protein and mRNA expression levels of MyD88 in the gastrocnemius tissue at each time point after modeling were elevated (0.05,0.01) in the model group. When compared with the model group at the same time points, in the acupuncture pretreatment group, the protein expression of TLR9 in the gastrocnemius tissue decreased at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after modeling (0.05,0.01), and the mRNA expression of TLR9 was declined at 24, 48 and 72 h after modeling (0.01,0.05); the protein and mRNA expression of MyD88 in the gastrocnemius decreased at 24, 48 and 72 h after modeling (0.01,0.05), and that of NF-κB p65 was reduced at 24 h and 48 h after modeling (0.01). The protein and mRNA expression of TLR9, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in the gastrocnemius tissue showed a trend of decrease after increase in the model group and the acupuncture pretreatment group. P< P< P< P< P P P P P< P< P< P< P< P< P< P< P<
CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture pretreatment can alleviate exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage, which may be related to modulating the expression of TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the inflammatory response.
