Adherence and persistence to novel glucose-lowering medications in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing routine care

Jun 14, 2024Diabetes research and clinical practice

How well people with type 2 diabetes stick to new blood sugar medicines during regular treatment

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Abstract

A total of 24,470 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 receptor agonists, or DPP4 inhibitors were evaluated over a median follow-up of 2.8 years.

Adherence to SGLT2 inhibitors was 57%, compared to 54% for GLP1 receptor agonists and 53% for DPP4 inhibitors.
Persistence rates were higher for SGLT2 inhibitors (50%) and GLP1 receptor agonists (49%) than for DPP4 inhibitors (44%).
Older users, those with high blood pressure, higher use of non-diabetic medications, lower HbA1c, better kidney function, and higher educational attainment showed better adherence.
Women exhibited worse adherence to SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists compared to DPP4 inhibitors.

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AIMS: To assess adherence and persistence to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in routine care.

METHODS: Using retrospective healthcare data from the Stockholm region, Sweden, we evaluated new-users of these agents during 2015-2020. We investigated adherence (≥80 % of days covered by an active supply), persistence (no treatment gap ≥ 60 days), and predictors for non-adherence and non-persistence.

RESULTS: We identified 24,470 new-users of SGLT2i (10,743), GLP1-RA (10,315), and/or DPP4i (9,488). Over 2.8 years median follow-up, the proportion demonstrating adherence was higher for SGLT2i (57 %) than DPP4i (53 %, comparison p < 0.001), and for GLP1-RA than DPP4i (54 % vs 53 %, p < 0.001). Similarly, persistence was higher for both SGLT2i and GLP-RA than DPP4i (respectively, 50 % vs 44 %, p < 0.001; 49 % vs 44 %, p < 0.001). Overall adherence was better among users who were older, had a history of high blood pressure, used more non-diabetic medications, had lower Hba1c, had better kidney function, and had completed secondary schooling or university. Women had worse adherence to SGLT2i and GLP1-RA than DPP4i.

CONCLUSIONS: We report adherence and persistence to SGLT2i, GLP1-RA and DPP4i in routine care, and identify prognostic factors that could inform implementation interventions to improve uptake of these important therapies.

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Adherence and persistence to novel glucose-lowering medications in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing routine care

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