Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and metabolic syndrome risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

An increase of 5 μg/min in annual particulate matter concentration is associated with a 14% increase in metabolic syndrome risk.

• Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.
• A 5 μg/min increase in particulate matter is linked to a 14% rise in metabolic syndrome risk.
• The population-attributable risk for metabolic syndrome due to particulate matter exposure is estimated at 12.28%.
• Statistical associations were found between particulate matter exposure and metabolic syndrome risk in specific subgroups, including males and individuals in Asia.
• Sensitivity analyses indicate that the findings are robust, with no evidence of publication bias.

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