The Annual Periodization of Training Volumes of International-Level Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes

Cross-country skiers had a larger annual training volume of endurance training (~190 hours) compared to male and female biathletes.

• Low- and moderate-intensity endurance training and all types of nonspecific endurance and strength training decreased as the competition period approached.
• High-intensity endurance training and specific exercises increased leading up to the competition period.
• Total training volume peaked immediately after an initial training phase without a gradual increase.
• Both biathletes and cross-country skiers employed a 'pyramid' model for intensity distribution.
• Cross-country skiers performed more low-intensity endurance training (~183 hours) and strength training (~818 sets) than biathletes.

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