Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects the stress physiology but not the behavior or growth of Rana berlandieri and Bufo valliceps

Feb 27, 2021Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

Artificial light at night changes stress responses but not behavior or growth in two frog species

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Abstract

Tadpoles exposed to constant light for 14 days showed higher corticosterone release rates.

Artificial light at night (ALAN) can alter behavioral and physiological traits in amphibians.
Both Rio Grande leopard frog and Gulf Coast toad tadpoles exhibited different corticosterone responses to ALAN exposure.
Leopard frog tadpoles had lower corticosterone release rates after exposure to pulsed ALAN.
Toad tadpoles exhibited higher corticosterone release rates after pulsed ALAN exposure.
Short-term exposure to constant or pulsed light at night may contribute to stress in tadpoles.

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Artificial light at night (ALAN) alters the natural light dark patterns in ecosystems. ALAN can have a suite of effects on community structure and is a driver of evolutionary processes that influences a range of behavioral and physiological traits. Our understanding of possible effects of ALAN across species amphibians is lacking and research is warranted as ALAN could contribute to stress and declines of amphibian populations, particularly in urban areas. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to constant light or pulsed ALAN would physiologically stress Rio Grande leopard frog (Rana berlandieri) and Gulf Coast toad (Bufo valliceps) tadpoles. We reared tadpoles under constant or pulsed (on and off again) ALAN for 14 days and measured corticosterone release rates over time using a non-invasive water-borne hormone protocol. ALAN treatments did not affect behavior or growth. Tadpoles of both species had higher corticosterone (cort) release rates after 14 days of constant light exposure. Leopard frog tadpoles had lower cort release rates after exposure to pulsed ALAN while toad tadpoles had higher cort release rates. These results suggest that short-term exposure to constant or pulsed light at night may contribute to stress in tadpoles but that each species differentially modulated their cort response to ALAN exposure and a subsequent stressor. This flexibility in the upregulation and downregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis response may indicate an alternative mechanism for diminishing the deleterious effects of chronic stress. Nonetheless, ALAN should be considered in management and conservation plans for amphibians.

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Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects the stress physiology but not the behavior or growth of Rana berlandieri and Bufo valliceps

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