Prolonged exposure to artificial light and carcinogenesis: A systematic review of oncostatic mechanisms associated with melatonin pathways

Oct 14, 2025Photochemistry and photobiology

Long-term artificial light exposure and cancer risk: a review of how melatonin pathways may slow tumor growth

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Abstract

Eighteen studies indicate a positive link between artificial light at night and breast cancer.

  • Prolonged exposure to artificial light at night is associated with melatonin suppression and circadian disruption.
  • Night-shift work correlates with increased breast cancer risk and reduced melatonin levels.
  • Biological mechanisms implicated in this relationship include interference in the cell cycle, DNA repair issues, oxidative stress, and activation of cancer-related pathways.
  • Melatonin suppression may contribute to tumor progression by disrupting circadian genes and causing hormonal imbalance.
  • While a consistent association between artificial light exposure and certain cancers exists, methodological variability and confounding factors limit generalization.

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