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Abstract
Uremic toxins from gut microbiota may activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on haemodialysis.
- AhR is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of enzymes, inflammatory markers, and adhesion molecules.
- Indoxyl sulfate and indole acetic acid are uremic toxins that accumulate in CKD patients and act as ligands for AhR.
- Activation of AhR is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular diseases in individuals with CKD.
- Current data suggest a potential link between AhR activation and uremic toxins from gut microbiota.
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