Astaxanthin promotes the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans via modulation of the intracellular redox status and PHA-4-mediated autophagy

Dec 23, 2024Food & function

Astaxanthin may extend the lifespan of C. elegans by balancing cell oxidation and boosting cell cleanup controlled by PHA-4

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Abstract

Astaxanthin prolonged the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by modulating intracellular redox status and promoting autophagy.

Astaxanthin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in lipofuscin accumulation.
There was a reduction in the age-related decline in spontaneous motility in treated organisms.
Astaxanthin improved oxidative stress resistance by preventing the increase of reactive oxygen species.
The lifespan-extending effect of astaxanthin was associated with the expression of the gene, which relies on SKN-1.
Astaxanthin treatment decreased the expression of certain genes related to PI3K and TOR signaling while increasing PHA-4 expression.
Key genes associated with the autophagy-lysosome pathway were upregulated following astaxanthin treatment.

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Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid which has been associated with a number of health-promoting effects, including anti-aging; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, it was found that astaxanthin promoted the longevity of wild-type (N2)(). The lifespan-extending effect of astaxanthin was associated with a significant decrease of lipofuscin accumulation and the reduction of the age-related decline in spontaneous motility. Meanwhile, astaxanthin enhanced the oxidative stress resistance in, preventing the elevation of the reactive oxygen species and alleviating juglone-induced toxicity. Further studies revealed that astaxanthin treatment induced the expression of thegene; besides, the lifespan-extending effect of astaxanthin relied on SKN-1. Additionally, the expression of, a PI3K homolog gene, and, a target of the rapamycin (TOR) homolog gene, was decreased, while the expression of PHA-4, a transcription factor negatively regulated by TOR signaling, was increased by astaxanthin treatment. PHA-4 has been demonstrated to regulate the expression of genes playing critical roles in the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). Consistently, several key genes related to ALP, including,,,andwere upregulated intreated with astaxanthin. Knockdown ofexpression by siRNA prevented the elevation of the above ALP-related genes, while diminishing the lifespan-extension effect of astaxanthin. Overall, these results indicated that astaxanthin prolonged the lifespan ofmodulating the intracellular redox status and promoting PHA-4-mediated autophagy. Caenorhabditis elegans C. elegans C. elegans skn-1age-1let-363lgg-1atg-5vps-34ncr-1asm-1C. elegans pha-4C. elegans via

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Astaxanthin promotes the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans via modulation of the intracellular redox status and PHA-4-mediated autophagy

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