Modulating effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune disorders via gut microbiota and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rats with syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency

Jul 16, 2023Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B

Astragalus polysaccharide may improve immune problems by changing gut bacteria and immune signaling in rats with spleen-related dampness syndrome

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Abstract

Moderate molecular weight polysaccharide (APS) significantly increased body weight gain in DSSD rats.

APS decreased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and endotoxin in DSSD rats.
The intake of APS suppressed the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway.
A total of 27 critical genera in the gut microbiota were significantly enriched after APS treatment.
APS elevated the diversity and altered the composition of gut microbiota, including changes in specific bacterial groups.
The contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased following APS administration.
Twelve critical bacteria were found to be related to body weight gain and immune organ indexes.

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The syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency (DSSD) is relatively common globally. Although the pathogenesis of DSSD remains unclear, evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota might play a significant role., used as both medicine and food, exerts the effects of tonifying spleen and qi.polysaccharide (APS) comprises a macromolecule substance extracted from the dried root of, which has many pharmacological functions. However, whether APS mitigates the immune disorders underlying the DSSD syndrome via regulating gut microbiota and the relevant mechanism remains unknown. Here, we used DSSD rats induced by high-fat and low-protein (HFLP) diet plus exhaustive swimming, and found that APS of moderate molecular weight increased the body weight gain and immune organ indexes, decreased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and endotoxin, and suppressed the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-‍κB (TLR4/NF-‍κB) pathway. Moreover, a total of 27 critical genera were significantly enriched according to the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). APS increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and changed its composition, such as reducing the relative abundance ofand, and increasing that of,,,,, and. APS also elevated the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated that 12 critical bacteria were related to the body weight gain and immune organ indexes. In general, our study demonstrated that APS ameliorated the immune disorders in DSSD rats via modulating their gut microbiota, especially for some bacteria involving immune and inflammatory response and SCFA production, as well as the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. This study provides an insight into the function of APS as a unique potential prebiotic through exerting systemic activities in treating DSSD. Radix Astragali Astragalus Radix Astragali Pseudoflavonifractor Paraprevotella Parasutterella Parabacteroides Clostridium XIVb Oscillibacter Butyricicoccus Dorea

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Modulating effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune disorders via gut microbiota and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in rats with syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency

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