Prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes in the Gulf Region: Results from the PACT-MEA study

Feb 28, 2025Public health

How common artery disease is in people with type 2 diabetes in the Gulf Region

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Abstract

Bahrain exhibited a 36.6% prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Qatar and Kuwait had lower ASCVD prevalence rates of 23.4% and 19.4%, respectively.
The prevalence of ASCVD was significantly higher in men and increased with age.
Coronary artery disease was the most common type of ASCVD identified.
All participants were classified as having high or very high ASCVD risk according to European Society of Cardiology guidelines.
One in five participants had established ASCVD across the three countries.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Bahrain, Kuwait, and Qatar. The study will help to inform the country's health systems in identifying opportunities and challenges for optimal management of T2D and ASCVD.

STUDY DESIGN: The study was a sub-analysis within the PACT-MEA study, a noninterventional, cross-sectional, observational study, which included 1062 adults from Bahrain, Kuwait, and Qatar diagnosed with T2D.

METHODS: The presence and the risk of ASCVD were determined from patient medical records. Statistical analyses included prevalence estimates stratified by sex, age and ASCVD type.

RESULTS: Among the three countries included in this study, Bahrain had the highest prevalence at 36.6 %, followed by Qatar and Kuwait at 23.4 % and 19.4 %, respectively. The unweighted prevalence was significantly higher in men and increased with age. Coronary artery disease was the most common type of ASCVD, followed by cerebrovascular and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, participants in all three countries were classified as having a high or very high ASCVD risk based on the European Society of Cardiology 2021 guidelines.

CONCLUSION: Based on the prevalence in this study, one in five participants had established ASCVD across Bahrain, Kuwait, and Qatar, and all the participants investigated were at high or very high risk. Study results indicate an immediate need to implement policy measures that include preventative strategies on the common risk factors to reduce the high CVD mortality and morbidity in the Gulf Region.

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Prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes in the Gulf Region: Results from the PACT-MEA study

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