How Benzodiazepines, Lithium, and Lamotrigine Affect Esketamine’s Antidepressant Response in Hard-to-Treat Depression

Declaration of competing interest Joao Paulo dos Santos Atidio reports financial support was provided by Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel. Co-author Dr. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino is a reviewer for the Journal of Affective Disorders. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory and speaking and lecture fees. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino reports a relationship with Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA that includes: consulting or advisory. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino reports a relationship with Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino reports a relationship with Daiichi Sankyo Inc. that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino reports a relationship with Lundbeck LLC that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino reports a relationship with Libbs Pharmaceutical that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Daiichi Sankyo Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Pfizer Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Abbott Laboratories Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Sanofi-Aventis US LLC that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Lundbeck LLC that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Apsen Farmacêutica SA that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Libbs Pharmaceutical that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Biogen Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Cristália Produtos Químicos Farmacêuticos Ltda that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory and funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Ache Pharmaceutical Laboratories SA that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Eurofarma Laboratories SA that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with LivaNova USA, Inc. that includes: consulting or advisory. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Company that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Novo Nordisk Inc. that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with PAREXEL International Corp that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Karuna Therapeutics Inc. that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Bristol-Myers Squibb Company that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with IQVIA that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc. that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Neumora Therapeutics Inc. that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Roche that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Amgen Inc. that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with Merck Sharp & Dohme UK Ltd. that includes: funding grants. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda reports a relationship with ICON Clinical Research LLC that includes: funding grants. Dr. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino and Dr. Acioly Luiz Tavares de Lacerda report multiple relationships with pharmaceutical companies, including consulting, advisory roles, speaking fees, and research funding to their institutions, all outside the submitted work. These authors had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results, or manuscript preparation. Dr. Rodrigo Simonini Delfino serves as a reviewer for the Journal of Affective Disorders; however, he had no involvement in the peer-review process of this manuscript. The present study was investigator-initiated and received no industry funding. Dr. Garios, Dr. Serra, Dr. Gerheim, Dr. Magalhães, Dr. Piloto, Dr. Ferro, Dr. Onofre and Dr. Surjan report no conflict of interest.