Recent progress and future possibilities in creating 3D-printed human heart tissue

Key barriers in cardiac bioprinting include limitations in precision, bioink development, and vascularization.

• Current cardiac bioprinting approaches face challenges in achieving necessary precision and functionality.
• Bioink development is critical for creating suitable materials for tissue engineering applications.
• Vascularization remains a significant hurdle for the effective integration of bioprinted grafts.
• Functional maturation is important for drug screening but may need to be more sophisticated for graft applications.
• Recent advancements like multimodal printing and hybrid bioinks show potential for improving drug discovery and graft fabrication.

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