Differential Regulation of BMAL1, CLOCK, and Endothelial Signaling in the Aortic Arch and Ligated Common Carotid Artery

BMAL1 and CLOCK expression in the aortic arch decreases with reduced sensitivity to acetylcholine-mediated relaxation.

• Wild-type mice showed reduced sensitivity to acetylcholine in the aortic arch compared to the thoracic aorta.
• Clock-mutant mice exhibited lower sensitivity to acetylcholine in the aorta.
• In wild-type mice, the phosphorylated forms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and AKT were reduced in the aortic arch.
• Surgically induced flow reduction led to increased phosphorylated-eNOS and p-AKT in the left common carotid artery of wild-type mice.
• BMAL1 and CLOCK expression increased in the remodeled left common carotid artery after 5 days.
• Wild-type mice displayed higher eNOS expression at 8 p.m. compared to 8 a.m., a pattern not observed in Clock-mutant or Bmal1-KO mice.

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