Association between breakfast intake with anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and food consumption behaviors among Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study

Of the 13,486 children and adolescents surveyed, 67.9% were categorized as non-breakfast skippers.

• Breakfast skippers had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to non-skippers (P-value < 0.001).
• Abdominal obesity was observed in 22.6% of breakfast skippers versus 17.9% of non-skippers (CI 95%: 21-24.3 and 17-18.6, respectively).
• No significant difference in blood pressure was found between breakfast skippers and non-skippers (P-value = 0.1).
• Non-skippers reported higher consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, and milk, while skippers consumed more salty snacks, soft drinks, and fast foods (all P-value < 0.001).
• Regular breakfast consumption is associated with lower body fatness and healthier dietary habits.

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