The Relationship of Breakfast Skipping and Type of Breakfast Consumption with Nutrient Intake and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006

May 26, 2010Journal of the American Dietetic Association

How skipping breakfast or the kind of breakfast kids and teens eat relates to their nutrient intake and weight

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Abstract

Twenty percent of children and 31.5% of adolescents were breakfast skippers.

RTE cereal consumers had lower intakes of total fat and cholesterol compared to breakfast skippers and other breakfast consumers.
RTE cereal consumers had higher intakes of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and several micronutrients than breakfast skippers and other breakfast consumers.
The mean adequacy ratio for micronutrients was highest among RTE cereal consumers and lowest among breakfast skippers.
Breakfast skippers had higher body mass index-for-age z scores and greater waist circumference than those consuming RTE cereal or other breakfasts.
The prevalence of obesity was higher in breakfast skippers compared to RTE cereal consumers in children and adolescents.

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BACKGROUND: National data comparing nutrient intakes and anthropometric measures in children/adolescents in the United States who skip breakfast or consume different types of breakfasts are limited.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, and adiposity status.

SUBJECTS: Children aged 9 to 13 years (n=4,320) and adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (n=5,339).

DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006.

METHODS: Breakfast consumption was self-reported. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess nutrient intakes. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for micronutrients and anthropometric indexes were evaluated. Covariate-adjusted sample-weighted means were compared using analysis of variance and Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons among breakfast skippers (breakfast skippers), ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal consumers, and other breakfast (other breakfast) consumers.

RESULTS: Twenty percent of children and 31.5% of adolescents were breakfast skippers; 35.9% of children and 25.4% of adolescents consumed RTE cereal. In children/adolescents, RTE cereal consumers had lower intakes of total fat and cholesterol and higher intakes of total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and several micronutrients (P<0.05 for all) than breakfast skippers and other breakfast consumers. RTE cereal consumers had the highest MAR for micronutrients, and MAR was the lowest for breakfast skippers (P<0.05). In children/adolescents, breakfast skippers had higher body mass index-for-age z scores (P<0.05) and a higher waist circumference (P<0.05) than RTE cereal and other breakfast consumers. Prevalence of obesity (body mass index > or = 95th percentile) was higher in breakfast skippers than RTE cereal consumers (P<0.05) in children/adolescents and was higher in other breakfast consumers than RTE cereal consumers only in adolescents (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: RTE cereal consumers had more favorable nutrient intake profiles and adiposity indexes than breakfast skippers or other breakfast consumers in US children/adolescents.

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The Relationship of Breakfast Skipping and Type of Breakfast Consumption with Nutrient Intake and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006

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