AgingMay 10, 2024

Calorie restriction reduces aging signs in fat tissue stem cells

GLP-1 Therapies Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Mar 17, 2026

Abstract

Aging is associated with a decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue mass and an increase in visceral fat depots mass.

Aging shifts fat from insulin-sensitive subcutaneous areas to insulin-resistant visceral areas, impacting metabolic health.
Increased adipose tissue fibrosis was observed with aging, but no significant change in fat cell size was noted.
Aged subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) produced higher levels of reactive oxygen species.
A significant decrease in the quiescence of ASCs in subcutaneous adipose tissue was found with age.
Long-term caloric restriction led to smaller adipocytes but did not prevent fibrotic changes.
Caloric restriction prevented the accumulation of senescent cells and helped maintain autophagy activity in aging ASCs.

Simplified

Adipose tissue regulates metabolic balance, but aging disrupts it, shifting fat from insulin-sensitive subcutaneous to insulin-resistant visceral depots, impacting overall metabolic health. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are crucial for tissue regeneration, but aging diminishes their stemness and regeneration potential. Our findings reveal that aging is associated with a decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue mass and an increase in the visceral fat depots mass. Aging is associated with increase in adipose tissue fibrosis but no significant change in adipocyte size was observed with age. Long term caloric restriction failed to prevent fibrotic changes but resulted in significant decrease in adipocytes size. Aged subcutaneous ASCs displayed an increased production of ROS. Using mitochondrial membrane activity as an indicator of stem cell quiescence and senescence, we observed a significant decrease in quiescence ASCs with age exclusively in subcutaneous adipose depot. In addition, aged subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulated more senescent ASCs having defective autophagy activity. However, long-term caloric restriction leads to a reduction in mitochondrial activity in ASCs. Furthermore, caloric restriction prevents the accumulation of senescent cells and helps retain autophagy activity in aging ASCs. These results suggest that caloric restriction and caloric restriction mimetics hold promise as a potential strategy to rejuvenate the stemness of aged ASCs. Further investigations, includingevaluations using controlled interventions in animals and human studies, will be necessary to validate these findings and establish the clinical potential of this well-established approach for enhancing the stemness of aged stem cells. in vivo

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Calorie restriction reduces aging signs in fat tissue stem cells

Abstract

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