Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

Heart and Lung Fitness in Highly Active People Before and After Covid-19

Updated

Abstract

Essence

Highly active individuals had small but measurable cardiopulmonary exercise changes after COVID-19, suggesting partial resilience rather than no effect.

Evidence

This retrospective pre-post CPET analysis included 43 highly active adults tested a median 479 days apart and a mean 44 days after COVID-19 infection.

Caveat

The sample was small, mostly male, retrospective, and assessed short post-infection timing without an uninfected control group.

Simplified

Key numbers

1.5 mL/kg/min
Decrease in Peak Oxygen Uptake
Mean change in peak oxygen uptake after COVID-19 infection.
1.2
Increase in Ventilatory Efficiency
Change in V ⋅ E/ V ⋅ CO2 slope after COVID-19.
43
Participants Included
Total number of highly active individuals in the study.

Key figures

Highly active individuals pre-COVID vs post-COVID: cardiopulmonary exercise capacity changes
Highlights subtle declines in oxygen uptake and ventilatory efficiency after COVID-19 in highly active individuals.
0066-782X-abc-122-09-e20250094-gf02
  • Panel Central Text
    Comparison of cardiopulmonary exercise testing () results in highly active individuals before and after COVID-19 infection, including time intervals and key measured changes.
  • Panel Data Highlights
    Post-COVID shows a reduction of 1.5 mL/kg/min in peak oxygen uptake () and a 3.84% decrease from predicted V̇O2peak values, alongside an increase of 1.2 in ventilatory efficiency slope (V̇E/V̇CO2).
Figura 1
Participant selection process for highly active individuals undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Frames the rigorous selection of highly active individuals for assessing cardiopulmonary function post-COVID-19
0066-782X-abc-122-09-e20250094-gf01
  • Panel A
    Flowchart showing initial 1,186 post-COVID-19 cardiopulmonary exercise tests () screened from May 2020 to September 2022
  • Panel B
    Exclusion of 892 individuals who were not highly active (), leaving 294 IAAs
  • Panel C
    Removal of 13 IAAs who resumed training before the second TECP, resulting in 281 IAAs
  • Panel D
    Exclusion of 238 IAAs without pre-COVID-19 TECP, yielding 43 eligible IAAs
  • Panel E
    Final division of 43 eligible IAAs into 24 tested on cycle ergometer and 19 tested on treadmill
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Full Text

What this is

  • This research analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on cardiopulmonary function in highly active individuals (HAIs).
  • Using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), it compares metabolic and ventilatory responses before and after COVID-19 infection.
  • The study includes 43 HAIs, focusing on changes in peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory efficiency.

Essence

  • COVID-19 led to a mean decrease of 1.5 mL/kg/min in peak oxygen uptake among highly active individuals, indicating minimal cardiopulmonary impairment post-infection.

Key takeaways

  • Peak oxygen uptake decreased by a mean of 1.5 mL/kg/min after COVID-19 infection, representing a 3.84% reduction in predicted values. This change was statistically significant (p = 0.017).
  • Ventilatory efficiency, measured by the V ⋅ E/ V ⋅ CO2 slope, increased by 1.2 after infection, also statistically significant (p = 0.017).
  • Despite these changes, the overall cardiopulmonary function in HAIs remained largely intact, suggesting that high levels of physical activity may confer resilience against the long-term effects of COVID-19.

Caveats

  • The study's retrospective design limits causal interpretations of the observed changes. Additionally, the reliance on self-reported training behaviors may introduce bias.
  • The inclusion of only individuals with mild COVID-19 symptoms restricts the generalizability of findings to those with more severe cases.
  • Variability in testing methods (different ergometers) and the absence of a control group further complicate the ability to draw definitive conclusions.

Simplified

Funding

Competing interests

No conflicts related to this article were reported.
PubMed

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