The role of CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint in tumor immune evasion and innate immunotherapy

Mar 4, 2021Life sciences

How the CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint helps tumors avoid the immune system and affects natural immune treatments

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Abstract

CD47 is highly expressed in cancer cells, aiding their evasion of immune cell phagocytosis.

CD47 interacts with SIRPα to transmit a signal that inhibits macrophage activity.
This 'don't eat me' signal allows tumors to escape detection and destruction by the immune system.
The role of CD47-SIRPα in tumor immunotherapy has gained increasing attention.
High levels of CD47 contribute to the tumor microenvironment and help maintain cancer cell characteristics.
Understanding the function of innate immune checkpoints like CD47 could enhance the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatments.

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As a transmembrane protein, CD47 plays an important role in mediating cell proliferation, migration, phagocytosis, apoptosis, immune homeostasis, inhibition of NO signal transduction and other related reactions. Upon the interaction of innate immune checkpoint CD47-SIRPα occurrence, they send a "don't eat me" signal to the macrophages. This signal ultimately helps tumors achieve immune escape by inhibiting macrophage contraction to prevent tumor cells from phagocytosis. Therefore, the importance of CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumor immunotherapy has attracted more attention in recent years. Based on the cognitive improvement of the effect with CD47 in tumor microenvironment and tumor characteristics, the pace of tumor treatment strategies for CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint inhibitors has gradually accelerated. In this review, we introduced the high expression of CD47 in cancer cells to avoid phagocytosis by immune cells and the importance of CD47 in the structure of cancer microenvironment and the maintenance of cancer cell characteristics. Given the role of the innate immune system in tumorigenesis and development, an improved understanding of the anti-tumor process of innate immune checkpoint inhibitors can lay the foundation for more effective combinations with other anti-tumor treatment strategies.

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The role of CD47-SIRPα immune checkpoint in tumor immune evasion and innate immunotherapy

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