Chronic Kidney Disease as a Comorbidity in Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) often coexists with declining renal function, creating a complex cycle of deterioration.

• The dysfunction of the heart and kidneys may influence each other, contributing to a worsening cycle.
• Common mechanisms in HF and chronic kidney disease (CKD) could exacerbate both conditions.
• Worsening renal function is associated with poorer outcomes in patients suffering from HF.
• There is a need for new treatment strategies and the identification of biomarkers for managing coexisting HF and CKD.

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