Chrono-Nutrition: The Relationship between Time-of-Day Energy and Macronutrient Intake and Children’s Body Weight Status

A higher energy intake at lunch and supper at age 4 is associated with increased odds of being overweight or obese by age 7.

• Children with relatively higher energy intake at lunch (OR = 1.19) and supper (OR = 1.19) are more likely to become overweight or obese by age 7.
• Increased energy intake at mid-afternoon (OR = 1.18) is also linked to higher odds of obesity by age 7.
• A higher intake of fat at lunch (OR = 1.17) is positively associated with later obesity in children.
• Skipping breakfast and eating late in the day are related to higher body weight in children.
• A greater proportion of energy intake during main meals and less in the afternoon and evening may benefit children's weight.

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