Chronotype and sleep duration in relation to leukaemia subtypes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

Feb 13, 2026Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Chronotype and sleep length linked to different types of leukemia: a genetic analysis

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Abstract

Univariable Mendelian Randomization found associations between sleep traits and leukaemia subtypes, with odds ratios of 2.15 for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 1.27 for chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Chronotype may be associated with an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Short sleep duration is associated with a reduced risk of lymphoid leukaemia.
None of the observed associations remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons.
Adjusting for smoking and body mass index eliminated all associations.
Colocalization suggests possible shared genetic variants influencing both sleep traits and leukaemia.
Reverse Mendelian Randomization indicates a significant effect from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia on chronotype.

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OBJECTIVES: Several observational studies have suggested an association between sleep traits and leukaemia. This study aimed to determine the causal association between sleep traits and leukaemia using two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.

METHODS: Publicly available databases were used to retrieve summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) related to sleep traits (UK BioBank) and leukaemia (FinnGen database). Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was utilized for the primary MR analysis. Subsequently, we conducted a reverse MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses and statistical power calculation validated the robustness of the research findings. The Steiger directionality test was employed to ascertain the direction of causality.

RESULTS: Univariable MR identified nominal associations between chronotype and higher risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (OR = 2.15, = 0.014) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (OR = 1.27, = 0.016), as well as between short sleep duration and lower lymphoid leukaemia risk (OR = 0.06, = 0.035). However, none remained significant after FDR correction. Sensitivity analyses revealed no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Adjusting for smoking and BMI in multivariable MR abolished all associations. Colocalization suggested shared genetic variants, but reverse MR indicated a significant effect only from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to chronotype (P = 0.0017). P P P FDR

CONCLUSIONS: Our MR study found several nominal associations that sleep traits causally influence leukaemia subtypes. Nominal associations were not significant after multiple testing correction, attenuated by adjustment for smoking and BMI, and potentially affected by pleiotropy or reverse causation.

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Chronotype and sleep duration in relation to leukaemia subtypes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis

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