Timing of carbohydrate eating during adolescence and its link to adult type 2 diabetes risk depending on sleep-wake patterns

Adolescents may experience temporary insulin resistance, which is associated with later T2D risk factors in adulthood.

• Morning and evening carbohydrate intake during adolescence could influence insulin resistance and liver fat levels later in life.
• T2D risk factors, including insulin resistance, liver fat indices, and subclinical inflammation, may be affected by adolescent dietary patterns.
• The relationship between carbohydrate intake timing and T2D risk factors is considered in the context of chronotype.

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