Circadian disruption may connect gut microbiome with changes that support cancer progression.
Evidence
This review synthesizes recent circadian biology, microbiome, and cancer immunology evidence on microbial metabolites, immune function, vascular remodeling, and tumor metabolism.
Caveat
The review does not test a new cohort or intervention, and clinical translation of chronobiological cancer strategies remains unresolved.
Simplified
Circadian rhythms play a pivotal role in regulating diverse physiological functions, notably the composition and activity of gut microbiota. Accumulating evidence indicates that disruption can induce of the gut microbiome, which in turn is implicated in influencing the (TME) and facilitating cancer progression. This review integrates and analyzes recent advances elucidating the complex interplay where circadian rhythms modulate gut microbiota, and how these circadian-driven microbial changes affect the TME. This review analyzes recent advances in elucidating the complex interplay among circadian rhythms, gut microbiota, and the TME. We examine how circadian disruption modifies the diversity and metabolic functions of gut microbiota, resulting in alterations of microbial metabolites, including but not limited to short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. These metabolic alterations have the potential to modulate immune cell function, vascular remodeling, and tumor cell metabolism within the TME. We investigate the potential mechanisms through which gut microbial dysbiosis induced by circadian misalignment could promote an immunosuppressive TME and accelerate tumor growth. Additionally, we evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies that leverage the circadian-microbiome axis, encompassing chronotherapy, probiotic supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The integration of circadian biology, microbiology, and cancer immunology presents promising avenues for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, significant challenges persist in translating these findings into viable clinical applications. Further research is imperative to elucidate the molecular pathways interconnecting circadian rhythms, gut microbiota, and the TME, and to develop personalized chronobiological interventions for cancer prevention and treatment.
Key numbers
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Decrease in beneficial bacteria
Circadian disruption alters gut microbiota composition.
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Increase in pathogenic bacteria
is linked to cancer risk.
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Potential therapeutic strategies
Therapies include probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Circadian Biology