The relationship between circadian syndrome and its components with Helicobacter pylori infection risk: a cross-sectional study

Aug 6, 2025BMC infectious diseases

How circadian syndrome and its parts relate to the risk of Helicobacter pylori infection

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Abstract

In a study of 29,621 individuals, H.pylori infection was significantly associated with a 17% increased prevalence of .

H.pylori infection may be an independent risk factor for circadian syndrome.
The relationship between H.pylori infection and circadian syndrome is influenced by smoking.
Components of circadian syndrome, such as central obesity and lowered HDL cholesterol, are associated with a higher risk of H.pylori infection.
Elevated blood pressure and short sleep duration are also linked to increased odds of H.pylori infection.
No significant associations were found between depression, elevated fasting blood glucose, or elevated triglycerides and H.pylori infection.

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BACKGROUND: (CircS) provides a more comprehensive reflection of metabolic health than metabolic syndrome (MetS), yet studies exploring its association with H.pylori infection are still limited. The study aimed to examine the association between CircS and its components, as well as H.pylori infection, among individuals undergoing routine health screenings.

METHODS: We collected data from health examination population who underwent a ¹³C-urea breath test (¹³C-UBT) at a tertiary hospital in Northwest China from July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023, for a cross-sectional study. The study population was divided into H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative groups based on H.pylori infection status, and a binary logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the relationship between H.pylori infection and CircS and its components.

RESULTS: The study included 29,621 individuals, after adjusting for covariates, H.pylori infection showed a significant association with the prevalence of CircS (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08,1.27, P < 0.001), with the association being modified by smoking. Additionally, some of the components of CircS were associated with an increased risk of H.pylori infection, including central obesity, lowered high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated blood pressure (BP), and short sleep (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06,1.19; OR 1.14,95% CI 1.08,1.20; OR 1.10,95% CI 1.04,1.17; OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02,1.20). No significant association was found between depression, elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and elevated triglycerides (TG) and H.pylori infection.

CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies CircS as an independent risk factor for H.pylori infection, that smoking appears to modify this relationship, and that some of the CircS components are significantly and positively associated with H.pylori infection.

Key numbers

1.17

Increase in H. pylori infection risk

Odds ratio (OR) after adjustments for covariates.

1.12

Central obesity association

Odds ratio (OR) for central obesity linked to H. pylori infection.

1.11

Short sleep association

Odds ratio (OR) for short sleep duration linked to H. pylori infection.

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The relationship between circadian syndrome and its components with Helicobacter pylori infection risk: a cross-sectional study

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