(CircS) is associated with a 1.02-fold increased risk of (MCI).
In a cross-sectional study with 11,719 participants, CircS correlated with lower cognitive scores and a higher likelihood of MCI.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was not linked to cognitive scores or MCI in either the cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.
Over a 3-year follow-up with 8,818 participants, CircS continued to show a 1.02-fold increased risk of MCI.
Short sleep duration and depression were individual components of CircS that were associated with a higher risk of MCI.
Simplified
INTRODUCTION: (CircS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are thought to potentially affect cognitive function. We aimed to investigate the association between CircS/MetS and (MCI).
METHODS: Data was from two waves of the 2015 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. MetS defined by a harmonized standard, while CircS add depression and short sleep duration on MetS. Aging-related cognitive decline is used to define MCI. Next, participants without MCI at baseline were followed for 3 years. Multivariable linear regression and multiple logistic regression were used for the assessment. Finally, we further analyzed the association between CircS/MetS components and MCI.
RESULTS: In the cross-sectional study ( = 11,719), CircS was associated with lower cognitive scores (β = -0.04, < 0.001) and higher risk of MCI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, < 0.05). MetS was not associated with either cognitive scores or MCI ( > 0.05). In the longitudinal study ( = 8818), CircS increased the risk of MCI by 1.02-fold (95% CI:1.01–1.04, < 0.05), and MetS still did not show an association with MCI ( > 0.05). In individual component analysis, short sleep (2015 ~ OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02–1.05, < 0.001) and depression (2015 ~ OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.03–1.06, < 0.001; 2018 ~ OR = 1.03, 95%CI:1.01–1.05, < 0.01) were associated with a higher risk of MCI. N P P P N P P P P P
CONCLUSION: CircS is a risk factor for MCI in middle-aged and older adults, serving as a strong predictor of MCI, not MetS.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-026-26185-y.
Key numbers
1.02×
Increased Risk of
In longitudinal analysis, increased risk by 1.02×.
1.04
Short Sleep OR for
Short sleep was associated with an OR of 1.04 for .
1.04
Depression OR for
Depression was linked to an OR of 1.04 for .
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Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for all the CHARLS waves was granted from the Institutional Review Board at Peking University (IRB00001052–11015), and all the participants from CHARLS provided signed informed consent. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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