Declaration of Competing Interest TK reports honoraria for lectures from Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD Corporation, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Teijin Pharma Ltd.; research grant funding from Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company, Astellas Pharma Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD Corporation, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; and advisory board consulting fees from Abbott Japan LLC., Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., and Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. SYL reports honoraria for lectures from Novo Nordisk. WO has received lecture fees from Abbott Japan LLC, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., and Sumitomo Pharma; research funding from Abbott Diabetes Care UK Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Nippon Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Noster, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Sumitomo Pharma, and Teijin Pharma; and subsidies or donations from Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Sumitomo Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and Teijin Pharma. TN is an employee and shareholder of Novo Nordisk. MO is an employee of Novo Nordisk. KT received lecture fees from Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, MSD K.K., and Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., and grants from Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Heiseikai Medical corporation association Sakurai Hospital, Japan Diabetes Foundation Kuwayamakai Medical corporation association Tanbo Hospital, Medical corporation association Shichitokukai, Medical corporation association Shikinokai, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD K.K., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Takeda, Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Teijin Pharma Limited, and The Mitsubishi Foundation. TY has received lecture fees from Abbott Japan LLC, Arkray Marketing, Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc, AstraZeneca K.K., Bayer Holding, Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim, Cosmic Corporation, Covidien Japan Inc. (Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd.), Dojindo Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Kissei, Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kyorin Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, LifeScan Japan, Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Musashino Foods Corporation, Nippon Becton Dickinson, Novartis Pharma K.K., Novo Nordisk, Ono, Roche DC Japan, Sanofi, Sanwa Chemistry Laboratory, Sumitomo Dainippon, Taisho, Takeda, Teijin Healthcare, and Terumo; grants and endowments from Aero Switch Therapeutics, Inc., Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company, Astellas Pharma Inc., Bayer Holding, Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., EA Pharma, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kyowa Kirin, Minophagen, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Nipro Corporation, Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Novo Nordisk, Ono, Sanofi, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda, and Tosoh Corporation; and consulting fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Sanofi K.K., and Viatris Pharmaceutical Japan Inc. SL is an advisory board member for AstraZeneca K.K. and Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd.; reports honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca K.K., Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., and Sanofi; and has received research funding from CKD and Eli Lilly Japan K.K.
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