Levels of daily rhythm genes in fat under the skin and around organs in humans

Ninety-one subjects with a BMI range of 21.4 to 48.6 kg/m(2) were analyzed for clock gene expression in adipose tissues.

• Higher expression of the PER1 clock gene was found in subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to visceral adipose tissue, with increases of 372% in females and 326% in males.
• Significant reductions in REV-ERBα expression were observed in the afternoon compared to the morning, with approximately 53% lower in women and 78% lower in men.
• No alterations were noted in CLOCK expression between morning and afternoon periods.
• Negative correlations were identified between BMI and SATPER1 (r = -.549) and SATPER2 (r = -.613) in women, while positive correlations were found with VATCLOCK (r = .541) and VATBMAL1 (r = .468).
• Differences in clock gene expression patterns were noted between male and female subjects, indicating potential sex-specific effects.

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