Coffee and caffeine intake and breast cancer risk: An updated dose–response meta-analysis of 37 published studies

The meta-analysis included 37 studies with 59,018 breast cancer cases and 966,263 participants.

• No significant association was found between breast cancer risk and coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or caffeine intake.
• An inverse association with breast cancer risk was observed for postmenopausal women, suggesting a potential protective effect.
• A strong association of coffee intake with reduced breast cancer risk was identified among BRCA1 mutation carriers.
• A linear dose-response relationship indicated a 2% decrease in breast cancer risk for every 2 cups of coffee consumed per day.
• The risk of breast cancer decreased by 1% for every 200mg increase in daily caffeine intake, although this finding was not statistically significant.

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