Comparative Efficacy of Commercial Wearables for Circadian Rhythm Home Monitoring From Activity, Heart Rate, and Core Body Temperature

Sep 30, 2024IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics

How Well Popular Wearable Devices Track Daily Body Clocks Using Movement, Heart Rate, and Body Temperature

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Abstract

The circadian rhythm metric acrophases from consumer wearables significantly correlated with traditional assessment methods (r = 0.96, r = 0.87, r = 0.79; all p < 0.001).

Circadian rhythms are biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle and can affect health.
Current monitoring methods for circadian rhythms are often invasive or subjective, limiting their use outside laboratories.
In a two-week study with 36 participants, data were collected using a smartwatch, Actigraph, and core body temperature sensor.
Acrophases from commercial wearables showed a strong correlation with acrophases derived from traditional measures.
Consumer sensor data significantly predicted individual chronotypes, indicating potential for real-time monitoring.

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Circadian rhythms govern biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle. Dysfunctions in circadian rhythms can contribute to various health problems, such as sleep disorders. Current circadian rhythm assessment methods, often invasive or subjective, limit circadian rhythm monitoring to laboratories. Hence, this study aims to investigate scalable consumer-centric wearables for circadian rhythm monitoring outside traditional laboratories. In a two-week longitudinal study conducted in real-world settings, 36 participants wore an Actigraph, a smartwatch, and a core body temperature sensor to collect activity, temperature, and heart rate data. We evaluated circadian rhythms calculated from commercial wearables by comparing them with circadian rhythm reference measures, i.e., Actigraph activities and chronotype questionnaire scores. The circadian rhythm metric acrophases, determined from commercial wearables using activity, heart rate, and temperature data, significantly correlated with the acrophase derived from Actigraph activities (r = 0.96, r = 0.87, r = 0.79; all p 0.001) and chronotype questionnaire (r = -0.66, r = -0.73, r = -0.61; all p 0.001). The acrophases obtained concurrently from consumer sensors significantly predicted the chronotype ( = 0.64; p 0.001). Our study validates commercial sensors for circadian rhythm assessment, highlighting their potential to support maintaining healthy rhythms and provide scalable and timely health monitoring in real-life scenarios.

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Comparative Efficacy of Commercial Wearables for Circadian Rhythm Home Monitoring From Activity, Heart Rate, and Core Body Temperature

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