Role of DGAT enzymes in fat storage metabolism

Two distinct diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases (DGATs) are involved in the formation of triacylglycerol (TAG) from fatty acids.

• DGAT1 and DGAT2, encoded by different gene families, catalyze the esterification of fatty acids to diacylglycerol, resulting in TAG formation.
• Both enzymes are located in the endoplasmic reticulum but have significantly different membrane topologies.
• The distinct topologies may allow DGAT1 and DGAT2 to interact differently with other proteins and organelles, influencing their roles in lipid metabolism.
• DGAT1 is suggested to synthesize TAG on both sides of the ER membrane using only pre-formed fatty acids.
• DGAT2 may translocate to lipid droplets and synthesize TAG from both endogenous and exogenous fatty acids, associating with other proteins in the process.

Simplified