Current evidence linking diet to gut microbiota and brain development and function

Apr 20, 2018International journal of food sciences and nutrition

Current evidence linking diet to gut bacteria and brain growth and function

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Abstract

The gut:brain axis links dietary components with neurophysiological functions.

Certain gut microorganisms may alleviate anxiety and depression.
These microorganisms could improve cognitive performance and influence brain development in early life.
Most evidence comes from studies in laboratory animals, necessitating further research in humans.
Diet:microbe interactions may impact neurotransmitter production and its effects on the nervous system.
Carbohydrates, polyphenols, lipids, and proteins may affect the production and activity of metabolites linked to the gut-microbiota-brain axis.

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The gut:brain axis is emerging as an important information highway linking the foods we eat with neurophysiological development and functions. Some gut microorganisms have shown to alleviate anxiety and depression, improve cognitive performance and play a role in brain development in early life. However, most studies were conducted in laboratory animals and these findings await confirmation in carefully designed human interventions. Similarly, little attention has been given to how diet:microbe interactions within the gut can impact on neurotransmitter production or their subsequent biological effects within the nervous system. In this review, we discuss the possible influence of carbohydrates, polyphenols, lipids and proteins colonic fermentation on production, bioavailability and biological activity of metabolites linked to the gut-microbiota-brain axis. An increased understanding of how nervous system may be regulated by diet will greatly enhance our ability to design dietary strategies to improve healthy brain development and functions.

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Current evidence linking diet to gut microbiota and brain development and function

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