How Diet and Gut Bacteria Together Relate to Insulin Resistance at the Molecular Level

High-fat diets, particularly those rich in saturated fats, are associated with dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability.

• Diet significantly influences gut microbiota composition, with various dietary patterns fostering different microbial communities.
• Changes in the microbiome affect human metabolism by altering inflammation, energy balance, and insulin sensitivity.
• Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, play a role in mediating these metabolic effects.
• Dietary components like fiber, polyphenols, and lipids impact microbiota and insulin sensitivity.
• Western and Mediterranean diets differ in their effects on the microbiota-insulin resistance relationship.
• Therapeutic strategies like probiotics and personalized diets may help manage insulin resistance.

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