Association between Dietary Glycemic Index and Knee Osteoarthritis: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012

Feb 12, 2018Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Link between Dietary Sugar Impact and Knee Osteoarthritis in Koreans (2010-2012)

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Abstract

A significant positive association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) was found in women, with the highest quintile showing an odds ratio of 1.77.

Symptomatic KOA in women showed increasing odds with higher dietary GI quintiles.
Quintile 1 served as the reference group, with odds ratios rising to 1.77 in quintile 5.
Chronic knee pain without KOA was associated with dietary GI, though not linearly across quintiles.
No significant association was observed between dietary GI and asymptomatic KOA.
Men did not show a significant association between dietary GI and any knee conditions.
Dietary glycemic load (GL) showed no significant association with KOA for either gender.

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BACKGROUND: Obesity and metabolic abnormalities are important risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Recent epidemiologic studies have found that a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diet are associated with a higher risk for metabolic complications and cardiovascular mortality.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the association between dietary GI, dietary GL, and KOA among Korean adults.

DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed data obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012.

PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: A total of 9,203 participants (5,275 women) aged ≥50 years were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: KOA was defined as the presence of radiographic features of Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2. Chronic knee pain was defined as the presence of knee pain for more than 30 days during the past 3 months. Dietary information was collected using a single 24-hour recall method.

STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: The association between the quintiles of dietary GI and dietary GL and knee conditions was analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, physical activity, obesity, hypertension and diabetes, serum low-density lipoprotein, and total energy intake.

RESULTS: Among the women, the association between dietary GI and symptomatic KOA was: quintile 1: 1.00 (reference); quintile 2: 1.29 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.92); quintile 3: 1.59 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.28); quintile 4: 1.74 (95% CI 1.21 to 2.51); and quintile 5: 1.77 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.60) (P=0.001). Chronic knee pain without KOA was associated with dietary GI; however, this association was not linear across quintiles. There was no significant association between dietary GI and asymptomatic KOA. Among the men, no significant association was found between dietary GI and any knee conditions. There was no significant association between dietary GL and KOA in both men and women.

CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant positive association between dietary GI and symptomatic KOA in women.

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Association between Dietary Glycemic Index and Knee Osteoarthritis: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012

Abstract

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