Dietary habits, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in a clinically healthy Italian population: the ‘Florence’ diet is not Mediterranean

Mar 3, 2005European journal of clinical nutrition

Diet, lifestyle, and heart risk factors in healthy Italians: the 'Florence' diet differs from the Mediterranean diet

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Abstract

Over 40% of the study population exhibited high levels of total cholesterol.

About 70% of subjects derived over 30% of their calories from total fats.
At least 40% of participants consumed saturated fatty acids above recommended levels.
99.6% of the population reported low intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
High levels of homocysteine were found in 11.7% of subjects.
A significant percentage of participants had low intake of essential vitamins, notably folic acid (89%) and vitamin E (99.6%).
Circulating levels of vitamins B(12) and folic acid, along with alcohol and vitamin C intake, were independently associated with plasma homocysteine levels.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dietary habits and lifestyle of Italian subjects, to provide current data on adequacy of the nutritional guidelines and recommendations especially in relation to primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and to assess the influence of dietary habits on lipid profile and homocysteine levels.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional.

SETTING: Population-based study.

SUBJECTS: A sample of 520 clinically healthy subjects (211 males, 309 females) with a mean age of 46 y, living in Florence area, Italy.

INTERVENTIONS: Dietary pattern was assessed by trained dietitians through a semiquantitative food questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were drawn for assessment of lipid profile, homocysteine and circulating vitamins.

RESULTS: Contribution from total fats was over 30% in about 70% of subjects and intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was above the recommended values in at least 40% of the study population. Furthermore, almost the whole (99.6%) population reported low intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). High levels of total cholesterol were present in over 40% of the study population, whereas abnormal values of LDL-cholesterol were observed in about 30%. High levels of homocysteine were found in 11.7% of the study population. An extremely high percentage of subjects reported low intake of vitamins, especially with regard to folic acid (89%), vitamin B(6) (70.1%) and vitamin E (99.6%). In a multiple linear regression model, circulating levels of vitamin B(12) and folic acid, and intake of alcohol and vitamin C resulted in being independently associated with homocysteine plasma levels.

CONCLUSIONS: In a typical Mediterranean country, general outlines of Mediterranean diet are not completely followed, especially concerning total fats, SFA, PUFA and vitamins' intake.

SPONSORSHIP: Ministero della Salute (Italy) - 'Progetto per la Salute e la Prevenzione di Malattia' 2001-2003.

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Dietary habits, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors in a clinically healthy Italian population: the ‘Florence’ diet is not Mediterranean

Abstract

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