Diet quality differs depending on how food intake is recorded: comparing food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour recalls

The mean concordance for the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index - Revised (BHEI-R) components ranged from 68% for integral cereals to 147% for whole fruits.

• The BHEI-R scores estimated by a food frequency questionnaire and multiple 24-hour recalls showed statistically significant differences.
• Poor concordance and correlation were indicated by the intraclass correlation coefficient and partial correlations.
• Most components of the BHEI-R violated suitable concordance limits.
• Concordance estimates suggest variability, with some components demonstrating better agreement than others.
• The findings highlight a discrepancy in dietary assessments based on different food consumption reporting methods.

Simplified