Diurnal proteome profile of the mouse cerebral cortex: Conditional deletion of the Bmal1 circadian clock gene elevates astrocyte protein levels and cell abundance in the neocortex and hippocampus

Approximately 2700 proteins were identified in the mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

• Fifteen proteins in the neocortex were found to be expressed differently between day and night, primarily related to mitochondrial function and neuronal plasticity.
• Only three proteins in the hippocampus showed significant diurnal expression changes, indicating less variability in this region compared to the neocortex.
• A reduction in the number of differentially expressed proteins was observed in mice lacking the clock gene Bmal1, suggesting local circadian clocks drive these daily rhythms.
• In the Bmal1 knockout cerebral cortex, proteins associated with astrocytes were notably upregulated, including GFAP and FABP7.
• An increased number of GFAP-positive astrocyte cells was identified in the Bmal1 knockout cerebral cortex.
• BMAL1 was confirmed to be present in astrocytes expressing GFAP and FABP7 in control mice.

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