DWARF14, A Receptor Covalently Linked with the Active Form of Strigolactones, Undergoes Strigolactone-Dependent Degradation in Rice

Nov 25, 2017Frontiers in plant science

The Dwarf14 Receptor Linked to Active Strigolactones Breaks Down in Rice When Strigolactones Are Present

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Abstract

D14, an enzyme-receptor, is ubiquitinated and degraded after strigolactone treatment in rice.

Strigolactones regulate shoot branching by inhibiting bud outgrowth in higher plants.
The enzyme-receptor D14 hydrolyzes strigolactones and undergoes covalent modification.
Ubiquitination of D14 occurs following strigolactone treatment and is processed by the 26S proteasome system.
The Lys280 site in the D14 amino acid sequence is crucial for its degradation but does not affect its localization or interactions with D3 and D53.
D14 degradation is dependent on D3 and closely linked to the protein levels of D53.
D14 degradation follows D53 degradation, indicating a feedback regulation mechanism for strigolactone perception in rice.

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Strigolactones (SLs) are the latest confirmed phytohormones that regulate shoot branching by inhibiting bud outgrowth in higher plants. Perception of SLs depends on a novel mechanism employing an enzyme-receptor DWARF14 (D14) that hydrolyzes SLs and becomes covalently modified. This stimulates the interaction between D14 and D3, leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of the transcriptional repressor protein D53. However, the regulation of SL perception in rice remains elusive. In this study, we provide evidences that D14 is ubiquitinated after SL treatment and degraded through the 26S proteasome system. The Lys280 site of the D14 amino acid sequence was important for SL-induced D14 degradation, but did not change the subcellular localization of D14 nor disturbed the interaction between D14 and D3, nor D53 degradation. Biochemical and genetic analysis indicated that the key amino acids in the catalytic center of D14 were essential for D14 degradation. We further showed that D14 degradation is dependent on D3 and is tightly correlated with protein levels of D53. These findings revealed that D14 degradation takes place following D53 degradation and functions as an important feedback regulation mechanism of SL perception in rice.

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DWARF14, A Receptor Covalently Linked with the Active Form of Strigolactones, Undergoes Strigolactone-Dependent Degradation in Rice

Abstract

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