Early chronotype favors appetite and reduced later day caloric intake among adults with obesity

Feb 6, 2024Chronobiology international

Being an early riser is linked to better appetite and eating fewer calories later in the day for adults with obesity

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Abstract

Adults categorized as early chronotype (EC) reported higher satisfaction and fullness during a glucose tolerance test compared to late chronotype (LC) individuals.

EC individuals experienced reduced desires for sweet, salty, savory, and fatty foods during the test.
Only the total area under the curve for GIP was significantly elevated in EC compared to LC.
While daily dietary intake was similar, EC consumed fewer carbohydrates and more protein at lunch.
EC had lower caloric, protein, and fat intake during afternoon snacking compared to LC.
At dinner, EC had lower dietary fat and higher carbohydrate intake than LC.
Low glucose and high insulin levels in EC were associated with decreased desires for sweet foods.

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Late chronotype (LC) is related to obesity and altered food intake throughout the day. But whether appetite perception and gut hormones differ among chronotypes is unclear. Thus, we examined if early chronotype (EC) have different appetite responses in relation to food intake than LC. Adults with obesity were categorized using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) as either EC ( = 21, 18F, MEQ = 63.9 ± 1.0, 53.7 ± 1.2 yr, 36.2 ± 1.1 kg/m) and LC ( = 28, 24F, MEQ = 47.2 ± 1.5, 55.7 ± 1.4 yr, 37.1 ± 1.0 kg/m). Visual analog scales were used during a 120 min 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 30 min intervals to assess appetite perception, as well as glucose, insulin, GLP-1 (glucagon-like polypeptide-1), GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotrophic peptide), PYY (protein tyrosine tyrosine), and acylated ghrelin. Dietary intake (food logs), resting metabolic rate (RMR; indirect calorimetry), aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen consumption (VOmax)), and body composition dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were also assessed. Age, body composition, RMR, and fasting appetite were similar between groups. However, EC had higher satisfaction and fullness as well as reduced desires for sweet, salty, savory, and fatty foods during the OGTT (0.05). Only GIP tAUCwas elevated in EC versus LC ( = 0.01). Daily dietary intake was similar between groups, but EC ate fewer carbohydrates ( = 0.05) and more protein ( = 0.01) at lunch. Further, EC had lower caloric ( = 0.03), protein ( = 0.03) and fat ( = 0.04) intake during afternoon snacking compared to LC. Dietary fat was lower, and carbohydrates was higher, in EC than LC ( = 0.05) at dinner. Low glucose and high insulin as well as GLP-1 tAUCrelated to desires for sweet foods ( < 0.05). Taken together, EC had more favorable appetite and lower caloric intake later in the day compared with LC. n n P p p p p p p p p2 2 2 0-120 min60-120 min <

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Early chronotype favors appetite and reduced later day caloric intake among adults with obesity

Abstract

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