Development of an Electronic Questionnaire to Assess Sports Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes

Feb 4, 2020Journal of the American College of Nutrition

Creating an Online Survey to Measure Athletes' Sports Nutrition Knowledge

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Abstract

A new questionnaire, the PEAKS-NQ, was developed to assess sports nutrition knowledge in athletes.

Content validation involved focus groups with 16 experienced sports nutritionists.
Key assessment domains identified included general nutrition knowledge and specific sports nutrition knowledge.
The PEAKS-NQ includes 94 items covering food groups, nutrients, competition nutrition, dietary supplements, and dietary adjustment skills.
Feedback from participants led to changes in 41 of the items, with no items removed.
Minor adaptations to incorporate local foods could enhance the international applicability of the PEAKS-NQ.
Further validation of the questionnaire, particularly its correlation with athlete performance, is necessary.

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Sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) is essential for athletes to support selection of a diet to optimize sports performance. Unfortunately, assessment of SNK is limited by a lack of well-validated instruments. Valid assessment of SNK would assist in identifying gaps in athlete knowledge, as well as tailoring and evaluating nutrition education interventions.The aim of this study was to develop and conduct content validation on a SNK questionnaire for athletes.Focus groups (FG) with experienced sports nutritionists at four elite sporting institutions in Australia and New Zealand were conducted to inform instrument development. FGs were recorded, transcribed verbatim and broad themes identified. Draft items for the Platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of Sports Nutrition Questionnaire (PEAKS-NQ) were developed using FG themes, the scientific literature, and a sports nutrition position stand. FG participants were subsequently invited to review the PEAKS-NQ using a modified Delphi process to refine draft items and inform content validity.Participants ( = 16; median experience 11.5 years) identified key assessment domains including general nutrition knowledge along with SNK and supported development of an electronic instrument with food images. The electronic PEAKS-NQ was subsequently developed and reviewed by a subset of FG participants ( = 11/16). This informed changes to 41/94 items with none removed. The final PEAKS-NQ assessed knowledge of food groups, macro- and micronutrients, competition nutrition, dietary supplements and skills in adjusting dietary intake to different situations.Minor adaptation to incorporate local foods would facilitate international use of the PEAKS-NQ. Further validation, including athlete performance on the instrument, is warranted. Background: Objectives: Methods: Results: Conclusion: n n

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Development of an Electronic Questionnaire to Assess Sports Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes

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