Hormone-related FGFs: their structures, roles, and medical uses

The family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) includes 22 members that play diverse roles in cellular functions.

• Endocrine FGFs, specifically FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, regulate various metabolic activities.
• These endocrine FGFs require both FGF receptors (FGFRs) and klotho co-receptors to function.
• α-klotho and β-klotho serve as scaffolds that facilitate the interaction between endocrine FGFs and their receptors.
• Recent studies have focused on the structures and mechanisms of metabolic FGFs to better understand their physiological roles.
• The review highlights novel biomedical applications of endocrine FGFs based on recent findings.

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