Endogenous GLP-1 acts on paraventricular nucleus to suppress feeding: Projection from nucleus tractus solitarius and activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone, nesfatin-1 and oxytocin neurons

Aug 5, 2014Biochemical and biophysical research communications

Natural GLP-1 reduces eating by acting on the brain's hunger control center through signals from the brainstem and activating stress, appetite-suppressing, and oxytocin neurons

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Abstract

Intra-PVN injection of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39) increased food intake.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are known to reduce food intake and body weight in type 2 diabetic patients.
Endogenous GLP-1 is localized in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the brain stem.
NTS GLP-1 neurons project directly to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN).
Activation of GLP-1 receptors in PVN is associated with reduced feeding behavior.
The majority of GLP-1-responsive neurons in PVN are related to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and nesfatin-1.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been used to treat type 2 diabetic patients and shown to reduce food intake and body weight. The anorexigenic effects of GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists are thought to be mediated primarily via the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). GLP-1, an intestinal hormone, is also localized in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the brain stem. However, the role of endogenous GLP-1, particularly that in the NTS neurons, in feeding regulation remains to be established. The present study examined whether the NTS GLP-1 neurons project to PVN and whether the endogenous GLP-1 acts on PVN to restrict feeding. Intra-PVN injection of GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39) increased food intake. Injection of retrograde tracer into PVN combined with immunohistochemistry for GLP-1 in NTS revealed direct projection of NTS GLP-1 neurons to PVN. Moreover, GLP-1 evoked Ca(2+) signaling in single neurons isolated from PVN. The majority of GLP-1-responsive neurons were immunoreactive predominantly to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and nesfatin-1, and less frequently to oxytocin. These results indicate that endogenous GLP-1 targets PVN to restrict feeding behavior, in which the projection from NTS GLP-1 neurons and activation of CRH and nesfatin-1 neurons might be implicated. This study reveals a neuronal basis for the anorexigenic effect of endogenous GLP-1 in the brain.

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Endogenous GLP-1 acts on paraventricular nucleus to suppress feeding: Projection from nucleus tractus solitarius and activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone, nesfatin-1 and oxytocin neurons

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