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Abstract
Insomnia is associated with complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and neurophysiological factors.
- Abnormal DNA methylation, histone modifications, and dysregulation of microRNAs contribute to circadian misalignment and hyperarousal linked to insomnia.
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have potential for targeted drug delivery due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and carry sleep-related molecules.
- Epigenetic mechanisms, including non-coding RNAs, play a significant role in regulating sleep-wake homeostasis and circadian rhythms.
- Modified MSC-Exos could be utilized for diagnosing and treating insomnia by targeting specific sleep circuits and delivering relevant biomarkers.
- Artificial intelligence and multi-omics data integration may aid in classifying insomnia subtypes and predicting treatment outcomes.
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