Biochemical pharmacologyMar 10, 2026

How RNA changes influence the growth of breast and ovarian tumors

mRNA Technology Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Mar 16, 2026

Abstract

Breast and ovarian cancers significantly contribute to cancer mortality among women, often characterized by late-stage diagnosis and high treatment resistance.

Epitranscriptomics studies reversible RNA modifications that affect cancer regulation.
Chemical modifications such as m6A, m5C, Psi, and m1A influence RNA stability and translation, impacting oncogenic signaling and drug resistance.
Dysregulation of RNA modification processes can enhance tumor growth, immune evasion, and metastasis.
Targeting RNA modifying enzymes with small-molecule inhibitors and CRISPR technology may offer new therapeutic strategies.
RNA modification patterns are emerging as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in cancer treatment.
Integrating epitranscriptomic data with AI and multi-omics approaches could improve cancer classification and treatment personalization.

Simplified

Breast and ovarian cancers are still one of the most prevalent causes of cancer death among the women in all parts of the world, mostly occurring at a later stage with high recurrence rate and resistance to treatment. Beyond the well-known genetic and epigenetic modifications, the new branch of study is epitranscriptomics that investigates reversible chemical modifications of RNA has brought a new aspect of cancer regulation to light. Modifications such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), pseudouridine (Psi), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) have dramatic effects on RNA stability, splicing, localization, and translation, which alter oncogenic signalling, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Reprogramming of the transcriptome and proteome with dysregulation of the respective corresponding writers, erasers, and readers of these RNA scripts, enhance tumor proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recent developments highlight the putative clinical value of targeting RNA modifying enzymes using small-molecule inhibitor, CRISPR-based editing technology, and delivery systems based on nanotechnology. In addition, RNA modification patterns are emerging as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, with growing applications in liquid biopsy and precision oncology. A combination of epitranscriptomic data and multi-omics solutions, artificial intelligence (AI), and personalized medicine frameworks offers an effective way of optimizing cancer classification and treatment. This review highlights, how decoding of epitranscriptomic signatures of malignancy can help transform the concept of tumor biology and provide with new avenues of diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy options of breast and ovarian malignancies, representing a new era of patient-centred oncology.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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How RNA changes influence the growth of breast and ovarian tumors

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