The Lancet regional health. Europe

Ethnic differences in Long COVID diagnoses in English primary care between 2020 and 2022

Updated

Abstract

Essence

Recorded Long COVID diagnoses in England differed by ethnic subgroup, with broad categories hiding higher and lower-risk patterns.

Evidence

This observational cohort study used linked OpenSAFELY primary care records from 17,848,825 adults in England during 2020-2022, including 16,970 recorded Long COVID diagnoses.

Caveat

The outcome was diagnosed Long COVID recorded in primary care, so differences may reflect diagnosis, testing, healthcare access, or recording patterns as well as true incidence.

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Funding

Competing interests

LAT holds an NIHR Professorship (NIHR302405), reports grants from MRC, Wellcome, NIHR in the past 3 years, has received travel expenses for MHRA expert advisory group meetings, and is an unpaid member of 3 trial steering committees (NIHR funded). BG has received research funding from the Bennett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the NHS National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the NIHR School of Primary Care Research, NHS England, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, the Mohn-Westlake Foundation, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Oxford and Thames Valley, the Wellcome Trust, the Good Thinking Foundation, Health Data Research UK, the Health Foundation, the World Health Organisation, UKRI MRC, Asthma UK, the British Lung Foundation, and the Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing strand of the National Core Studies programme; he has previously been a Non-Executive Director at NHS Digital, and written a review for SofS in UK Department of Health; he also receives personal income from speaking and writing for lay audiences on the misuse of science. AM is a senior clinical researcher at the University of Oxford in the Bennett Institute, which is funded by contracts and grants obtained from the Bennett Foundation, Wellcome Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Oxford and Thames Valley, Mohn-Westlake Foundation, and NHS England; he has represented the RCGP in the health informatics group and the Profession Advisory Group that advises on access to GP Data for Pandemic, and is a former employee and interim Chief Medical Officer of NHS Digital (now merged into NHS England), having left NHS Digital in January 2020. ADH reported receiving payments from Bayer for travel and consultancy outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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