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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as promising natural nanocarriers due to their superior biocompatibility and tissue targeting.
- EVs are more biocompatible and exhibit better immune tolerance than synthetic nanoparticles.
- Efficient delivery of therapeutics using EVs is limited by poor endosomal escape.
- Engineering strategies such as surface modification and genetic incorporation are being developed to enhance endosomal escape.
- Recent advancements in quantitative assays have improved the evaluation of endosomal escape efficiency.
- The review discusses the challenges and future directions for the clinical application of EV-based therapeutics.
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